Презентация на тему Endocrine system in children

production of the special matters – hormones which go

chemical way. Depending on composition of their nature they

the endocrine system action– as more hormones are excreted,

based on doubling (a few hormones can approximately execute

of necessity in strengthening of function automatically the intensity

hypophysis (pituitary gland, pituitary cerebri), epiphysis (pineal gland), adrenal

function, but all of them are in close intercommunication

the conditions of intensive stream of neuroendocrine impulses and

is a part of brain and is regulated by

much on ability of cells and tissues` receptors to

of childhood.

begin on 5 — 6th week of embryonic phase.

define the hypothalamus, hypophysis and epiphysis as derivative structures

undoubtedly, is happening under close control of mother’s hormones

in a mother.

of hormones in blood can cause similar diseases in

Two male infants (twins) with neonatal congenital hyperthyroidis
Clinical features include lack of subcutaneous tissue and wide-eyed, anxious stare.

the most anatomic and functional development.
After birth the

Summary:

The hormonal system of regulation is organized by the

For example, thyreotropin-dismissive hormone of hypothalamus promotes making of anterior hypophysial lobe’s the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotrophin, thyrotropic hormone) which in its turn stimulates making of thyroid hormones–triiodothyronine and thyroxin. The sufficient contents of thyroxin brakes hypothalamus and its stimulating function fades.

endocrinal system is based on.
1/ Detection of signs and

for hormones (for instance, the feminizations` phenomenon in boys

The increase of endocrine gland in size is not necessarily accompanied by hormonal production increase. For example, in case of euthyroid goiter when there is the compensating increase of thyroid gland in size due to lack of iodine in food.

their hormones on organs and cells-targets, semiotics of insufficiency

simultaneously supreme organ in the system of feedbacks and

rule, are not compatible with life. More frequently in

(hypothalamic disfunction) proves by various vegetative disorders (like bulimia

part of brain and its meninges. However the hypophysis

tropic peptide hormones. They are the somatotropic hormone (STH,

childhood period?
In postnatal period the STH is the

closely connected with hypothalamus (hypothalamo - hypophysial axis-system). The

hyper –

to adenoma) occures like a rare disease. The adenoma

age was 12 yr; the bone age was 12

of pituitary gland is accompanied by hyperproduction of ACTH

usually proves itself by concentrational decrease of STH, insulin

provoke disturbance touch all sides of gland’s activity. This

of ADH the symptoms of pathological polyuria and polydipsia

possible observing size of the sella turcica on lateral

9-yr-old boy with polydipsia, polyuria, nocturia, and enuresis. Urine

biologically active materials and tissues` hormones of steroid nature,

found under control of hypophysial ACTH and interconnected with

especially important in prenatal period. This role consists in

In period of human life since the birth till adolescens the small amouts of adrenal sexual hormones regulate only anabolic reaction and support the growing. The bodies of children in their 8-9 years practically do not differ too much in boys and girls. The genitalias formed according to genotypical sign are an exception.

11 years old girls and 13 years boys) obeying

Subsequently only the sexual glands’ activity for all time of sexual puberty will provide forming of secondary sexual signs.

After the age dependant involution of gonades the adrenals again will become a source of testosterone like in early childhood and this hormone will maintaine the anabolic reactions in olderness.

activity the clinicians consider basing on ACTH, corticosteroids’, mineralocorticoids’

weak and rapid pulse, arterial hypotention, hypoglycemia, bluish spotted

The chronic suprarenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

The signs are the weight losing, edvanced muscular weakness, peculiar brownish skin colouration on abdomen, on area of genitalia and joints (“bronze disease”). The serum hyponatremia and hyperkalemia are characteristic.Both for acute and for chronic forms of adrenal insufficiency it is characteristic of serum low levels of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Besides, for chronic form of insufficiency it is typical of high concentration of serum ACTH as result of futile pituitary`s signals to intensify the suprarenals` function.

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, androgens and partly mineralocorticoids cause the

ketosteroides (testosterones` line) by suprarenal glands, possible, with simultaneous

be difficult.

in girls and 3 - 11 years in boys)

A 6-yr-old girl with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The urinary 17-ketosteroids were high (50 mg/24 hr).
B. Notice the clitoral enlargement and labial fusion.
Five-yr-old brother was not considered to be abnormal by the parents. The urinary 17-ketosteroids were also high (36 mg/24 hr).

The main hormones of adrenal medulla are adrenaline and

hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4). These hormones are

or hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent endocrine

neonatal period or early infancy in form of the

The cretinism means the dwarfism with mental retardation.

Early manifestation in neonatal period include:
feeding difficulties (lack of interest and choking spells;
respiratory difficulties (nasal obstruction or labored and noisy respiration;
prolonged physiological jaundice as an important sign for suspicion.

a rule, are the result of late diagnosis. The

age. The infant fed poorly in the neonatal period

A.Notice the puffy face, dull expression, and hirsute forehead. Osseous development was that of a newborn.
B. Four mo after treatment, notice the decreased puffiness of the face, the decreased hirsutism of the forehead, and the alert appearance.

bone ossification delay is important. In infants suspected as

Congenital hypothyroidism:
Absence of distal femoral epiphysis in a 3-mo-old infant who was born at term. This is evidence for the onset of the hypothyroid state during fetal life.

of legs, abnormal gait, and associated hypotonia. The condition

concentration of TSH is increased and T3, T4 are

names). The symptoms are emotional lability, hyperperspiration, fever, arterial

should be estimated by visual examination and palpation. The

pockets, shaping in embryo simultaneously with thymic gland and

aplasia, damages in labour or as a result of

development and nephrolitiasis in urine tract (renal pelvis and

revealed in young children on routine chest X-Ray is

Thymic "sail sign".

derived gland) has biger size than in adult persons.

works out insulin and glucagon. They act like antipods

The main hormone of testicles is testosterone. It

adolescent boys. (By JM Tanner, M.D., Institute of Child

characterized by gradual body changes occurring due to influence

reach the definitive rate of sexual maturity (Ah 3,

know?

anterior and posterior
medial and lateral
small and large
black

know?

anterior and posterior
medial and lateral
small and large
black

- thyroxine
TSH – Thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin
Aldosterone
vasopressin

- thyroxine
TSH – Thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin
Aldosterone
vasopressin

stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland;

stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland;

Dopamine
D. All of the above
Е. All of the

Dopamine
D. All of the above
Е. All of the

tests reveal:

decreased ТSH
Increased ТSH
Increased Т3
increased Т4
decreased ТSH, Т3, Т4

tests reveal:

decreased ТSH
Increased ТSH
Increased Т3
increased Т4
decreased ТSH, Т3, Т4

manifests ambiguous genitalia. The infant has complete labial fusion

manifests ambiguous genitalia. The infant has complete labial fusion

lid palsy
B. exophthalmos
C. squint
D. frequent blinking
E. conjunctivitis

lid palsy
B. exophthalmos
C. squint
D. frequent blinking
E. conjunctivitis

constipation. Physical findings are coarse facial features, large open

constipation. Physical findings are coarse facial features, large open

hypokalemia

hypokalemia

an insulin reaction (hypoglycemia) in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient