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Презентация на тему Introduction to engineering drawing.basic rules of drawing execution.

Drawings definitionDrawing is one of the most widely used forms of graphic communicationA drawing is a graphic representation of an object (building, equipment, machine and etc.), or a part of it (unit, detail). Drawings, photographs, slides,
Lecture 1Introduction to Engineering Drawing. Basic rules of drawing execution. Drawings definitionDrawing is one of the most widely used forms of graphic Types of drawingThere are two basic types of drawings:ArtisticTechnical drawingsArtistic drawings are Drawing equipment and toolsFor engineering purpose the drawing must be clear, neat Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESRussian Standard Title block (First sheet) Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESRussian Standard Title block (for subsequent sheets) Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESRussian Standard Title block (for Civil Engineering) Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESISO 7200:2004 Title blockThe Drawing equipment and tools2) BORDERS AND FRAMES, AND LAYOUTLayout of sheet for engineering drawingverticalhorizontal Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: triangles (setsquares)3) TOOLS: French curves30°60°45°45° Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: Protractor3) TOOLS: Scales (rulers) Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: PencilRecommended size of the leadis 8-10 mmRecommended Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: Compass3) TOOLS: Template Lettering4) LETTERINGLettering used on technical drawing written according to Russian standard 2.304-81.The Lettering4) LETTERINGThe two standard ratios for d/h, 1/14 (Type A) and 1/10 Lettering4) LETTERINGThe two standard ratios for d/h, 1/14 (Type A) and 1/10 Lettering4) LETTERINGNumerical symbolsTYPE BTYPE A Lines on drawingsEach line on a technical drawing has a definite meaning Types of the lines on drawings Types of the lines on drawings ScalesScale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Drawings definition
Drawing is one of the most widely

Drawings definitionDrawing is one of the most widely used forms of

used forms of graphic communication

A drawing is a graphic

representation of an object (building, equipment, machine and etc.), or a part of it (unit, detail).

Drawings, photographs, slides, transparencies, and sketches are all forms of graphic communication.

Слайд 3 Types of drawing
There are two basic types of

Types of drawingThere are two basic types of drawings:ArtisticTechnical drawingsArtistic drawings

drawings:
Artistic
Technical drawings
Artistic drawings are used to express the feelings,

beliefs, philosophies, and ideas of the artist

Technical drawing is a means of clearly and concisely communicating all of the information to transform an idea into reality


Слайд 4 Drawing equipment and tools
For engineering purpose the drawing

Drawing equipment and toolsFor engineering purpose the drawing must be clear,

must be clear, neat and legible.
Hence it is

extremely important for engineers to have good
speed, accuracy, legibility and neatness in the drawing work

1) DRAWING PAPER is the sheet of paper, on which drawing is to be made.

All engineering drawings are made on sheets of paper of strictly defined sizes.
The ISO most recommended paper sizes for technical drawings are known as
A-FORMATS


Слайд 5 Drawing equipment and tools
2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND

Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESRussian Standard Title block (First sheet)

FRAMES

Russian Standard Title block (First sheet)


Слайд 6 Drawing equipment and tools
2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND

Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESRussian Standard Title block (for subsequent sheets)

FRAMES

Russian Standard Title block (for subsequent sheets)


Слайд 7 Drawing equipment and tools
2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND

Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESRussian Standard Title block (for Civil Engineering)

FRAMES

Russian Standard Title block (for Civil Engineering)


Слайд 8 Drawing equipment and tools
2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND

Drawing equipment and tools2) TITLE BLOCK, BORDERS AND FRAMESISO 7200:2004 Title

FRAMES

ISO 7200:2004 Title block
The total width is 170-180 mm

for an A4 sheet, with the left margin being 20 mm and
the right margin 10 mm. The same title block is used for all paper sizes.

Слайд 9 Drawing equipment and tools
2) BORDERS AND FRAMES, AND

Drawing equipment and tools2) BORDERS AND FRAMES, AND LAYOUTLayout of sheet for engineering drawingverticalhorizontal

LAYOUT
Layout of sheet for engineering drawing
vertical
horizontal


Слайд 10 Drawing equipment and tools
3) TOOLS: triangles (setsquares)
3) TOOLS:

Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: triangles (setsquares)3) TOOLS: French curves30°60°45°45°

French curves
30°
60°
45°
45°


Слайд 11 Drawing equipment and tools
3) TOOLS: Protractor
3) TOOLS: Scales

Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: Protractor3) TOOLS: Scales (rulers)

(rulers)


Слайд 12 Drawing equipment and tools
3) TOOLS: Pencil
Recommended size of

Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: PencilRecommended size of the leadis 8-10

the lead
is 8-10 mm
Recommended direction of drawing
From left to

right
From bottom to top

Hardness of pencil


Слайд 13 Drawing equipment and tools
3) TOOLS: Compass
3) TOOLS: Template

Drawing equipment and tools3) TOOLS: Compass3) TOOLS: Template

Слайд 14 Lettering
4) LETTERING
Lettering used on technical drawing written according

Lettering4) LETTERINGLettering used on technical drawing written according to Russian standard

to Russian standard 2.304-81.
The height h of the capital

letter is taken as the base of dimensioning.

The lettering may be inclined 75° to the horizon or may be vertical.


Слайд 15 Lettering
4) LETTERING
The two standard ratios for d/h, 1/14

Lettering4) LETTERINGThe two standard ratios for d/h, 1/14 (Type A) and

(Type A) and 1/10 (Type B), are most
economical

as they result in a minimum number of line thickness.

TYPE A


Слайд 16 Lettering
4) LETTERING
The two standard ratios for d/h, 1/14

Lettering4) LETTERINGThe two standard ratios for d/h, 1/14 (Type A) and

(Type A) and 1/10 (Type B), are most
economical

as they result in a minimum number of line thickness.

TYPE B


Слайд 17 Lettering
4) LETTERING
Numerical symbols
TYPE B
TYPE A

Lettering4) LETTERINGNumerical symbolsTYPE BTYPE A

Слайд 18 Lines on drawings
Each line on a technical drawing

Lines on drawingsEach line on a technical drawing has a definite

has a definite meaning and
is drawn in certain ways.
Note,

that there should also be a distinct contrast in the thickness
of different kinds of lines, particularly between
the thick lines and thin lines.

In technical drawings, make construction lines so light that they can barely be seen,
with a hard sharp pencil such as 4Hto 6H.

For visible lines, hidden lines, and other “thick” lines use relatively
soft pencils, such as F or H.

All thin lines except construction line must be thin, but dark.
They should be made with a sharp medium grad pencil, such as H or 2H.


Слайд 19 Types of the lines on drawings

Types of the lines on drawings

Слайд 20 Types of the lines on drawings

Types of the lines on drawings

Слайд 21 Scales
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension

ScalesScale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element

of an element of an object
as represented in

the original drawing to the real linear dimension
of the same element of the object itself.

1) When the object is drawn in its full size, a scale with the ratio 1: 1 is used.

2) Enlargement Scale is a scale where the ratio is larger than 1 : 1.
These scales are used for describing small elements of the object.

3) Reduction Scale is a scale where ratio is smaller than 1: 1.
These scales are used for describing a large element of the object
if decreasing does not influence on the object understanding.


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