Презентация на тему Antonyms

of speech, identical in style, expressing contrary of contradictory

notions.

(to please - to displease,
honest - dishonest,
professional

- nonprofessional)

different roots

same roots but different affixes

Un-: untrue
Dis-: dislike
Non-: nonreactive
2. Sometimes they are formed

by means of antonymous suffixes -ful and -less

-ful: painful
-less: painless

-ful is formed by means of the prefix un-:

successful

– unsuccessful

The antonym of the adjective with the suffix -less is formed with the help of the suffix –ish:

selfless - selfish

The same is true about antonyms with negative prefixes

e.g. to man is not an antonym of the word to unman;
to disappoint is not an antonym of the word to appoint.

not only in their structure, but in semantics as

well.

Lexicology describes different types of oppositeness, and subdivides them

into three types:


complementarity, e.g. male - female, married – single;
antonyms, e.g. good – bad
converseness, e.g. to buy - to sell.

the following way: the denial of the one implies

the assertion of the other, and vice versa.

John is not married = John is single

The type of oppositeness is based on yes/no decision. Incompatibility only concerns pairs of lexical units.

different logical relationships. The assertion containing one member implies

the negation of the other, but not vice versa.

John is good = John is not bad
John is not good ≠ John is bad

The negation of one term doesn't necessarily implies the assertion of the other.

An important linguistic difference from complementaries is that antonyms are always fully gradable, e.g. hot, warm, tepid, cold.

wife, pupil - teacher, precede - follow, above -

below,
before - after etc.

Jonh bought the car from Bill = Bill sold the car to John


2.. Also in the comparative form:

Y is smaller than X = X is larger than Y.

lexical sets. Here he points out serially ordered sets,

such as

scales (hot, warm, tepid, cold, cool);
colour words (black, grey, white);
military ranks (marshal, general, colonel, major, captain etc.)
gradable examination marks (excellent, good ,average, fair, poor)

In such sets of words we can have outer and inner pairs of antonyms.

He also points out cycles, such as units of tie:

( spring, summer, autumn, winter)

In this case there are no outermost members.

This type of opposition can be met in qualitative

adjective and their derivatives

e.g. beautiful - ugly,
to beautify - to uglify,
beauty – ugliness

It can be also met in words denoting feelings and states

e.g. respect - scorn, to live - to die,
to respect- to scorn, alive - dead,
respectful – scornful life - death


Itcan be also met among words denoting direction in space and time

e.g. here - there, up - down,
now - never, before - after
day - night, early - late etc.

several antonyms

e.g. the word bright has the antonyms:

dim,

dull, sad.