Презентация на тему Metabolism of carbohydrates-lipids-proteins

a healthy individual for life.
Food can be divided into

six groups:
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- vitamins
- minerals
- water

abundant in cereals and their products, vegetables, fruits and

legumes.

in the body is converted into lipid, and is

stored as adipose tissue, resulting in obesity.
A diet high in soluble carbohydrates results in dental caries.

into glucose in the digestive system.
Glucose units are absorbed

into the blood from the small intestine.
Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen.

adipose tissue.
Lipid sources are olives, nuts and egg, milk,

meat

up of proteins
Proteins contain 20 different amino acids
Some of

them are compulsory (vital) amino acids that can not be synthesized in the body
The qualified proteins contain needed amounts of vital amino acids and are easily digested.
Generally, animal proteins are qualified but plant proteins are nonqualified.

and in the formation of bones and teeth.
Essential minerals

(calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium)
Nonessential but recommended minerals (magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and etc)

adult.
Functions of water
--Absorption, transport and digestion of food
--Excretion of

metabolic wastes
--Regulation of body temperature
--In the absence of water, enzymes can not perform function

Water

disease beriberi was found to be due to a

lack of vitamin B.
A small amount of vitamins is ingested in food and play important roles in regulation of the metabolism of the body.
The main source of vitamins is plants. However, animal tissues, especially liver, contain a rich supply of vitamins.

vitamins.
Functions of vitamins
--to give the body resistance to infection.
--to

prevent against bleeding and blood deficiency.
--to assist in formation, development and rigidity of bone tissue.
--to regulate growth, development and reproduction.
--to provide a regular program of nutrition.

Diet

in food is produced by cell respiratioan nd is

consumed in the form of ATP.
The other half is released as heat during these reactions.

17.6 kJ
1g lipid gives 38.9 kJ
1g protein gives 17.6

kJ

energy requirements of an individual at rest, is determined

at room temperature.
The basal metabolism is approximately 1700 kcal for males and 1600 kcal for females

daily intake is 500 g of carbohydrate, 70 g

of lipid and 70 g of protein.
The energy requirements of organisms with heavy bodies are obviously greater than organisms with light bodies.