Презентация на тему Cultural control of pests

ecosystem set up by men to produce food and

fiber for human use.
Crop production alters the space that was previously taken up by a natural ecosystem.
By doing so it modifies the soil, water and even the topography of the land.

usually requires high-energy inputs such as:
Tillage
Fertilizers
Cultivation
Irrigation

a favorable environment for the desired crop species.
While setting

up these favorable environmental conditions for a crop man is also setting up conditions for pests to invade the crop.

used in crop protection is the concept that is

called cultural control.
Cultural control is defined as: “purposeful manipulation of the environment to reduce rates of pest increase and damage.”

for the most part, involves manipulating the crop residues

( materials left in the field after harvest) and crop plantings.
The two main methods that are used in this regard is: field sanitation and crop rotation.

methods in reducing pest species while at the same

time, in most cases, preparing the field for next the planting season.

or removes the crop residues and therefore reduces or

eliminates overwintering sites for pests to survive in.

planting and weed control
Method of choice (most commonly used)

for the elimination of crop residues for harboring pests.
Burning
Used to destroy plant material around the borders of fields in the fall.
Reduce crop residues

smaller pieces so insect pests cannot get established in

them
Destroys pest that may already be in the crop residues
Weed removal or destruction
Around greenhouses and grain storage bins

in one crop while it is not a pest

in another.
The practice of crop rotation came about as a method to improve soil workability and fertility.
It is the practice of planting two or more crops in some sort of sequence in the same field that changes from year to year.

methods that is used here in the Mid-West is

the corn/soybean rotation.
This helps control the pest corn rootworm.
This pest, while in the larvae stage, exclusively eats the roots of developing and growing corn plants.

of corn followed by soybean it has virtually eliminated

the corn root worm problem.
When soybeans are planted the corn rootworm cannot survive, because its food source has been removed.

is seeded to cover the ground from one season

to the next.
It protects the soil from erosion.
Source of organic material for the next cropping season when worked into soil.
Controls the growth of winter weeds on the soil.

cover crop is incorporated into the soil and it

breaks down it may gives off substances that controls the germination of weed seeds
In some cases controls a pest called root knot nematodes.

very small unsegment worm that feeds upon the cells

of the roots and causes a large amount of scar tissue.
It greatly reduces the productivity of the plant.