Презентация на тему Social Contract Theory

a given area agreed to give up (voluntarily) to

the state as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all

claimed control over an area and forced ALL within

it to submit to the person’s/group’s rule

When rule was established, all the basic elements of the state were present

family

Primitive family (one person was the head - “government”)

Over years, the primitive family became a network of related families [a clan]

The 8 – 20 clans to a tribe


Tribe first turned to agriculture and gave up its nomadic ways (tied to the land)…state

was widely accepted in much of Western World

God or

a god/gods created the state and God/god(s) had given those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule

The people were bound to obey their ruler as they would their God/god(s)

Opposition to “the divine right of kings” was both treason and mortal sin

a body of people, living in a defined space,

with the power to make and enforce laws, and with an organization to do this.
does not have to check with any higher authority in order to make and enforce laws.
Its own organization, or government, is its highest authority.

group of people who are the members or citizens

of a state.
*Can be large or small
Ex: China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, while the island state of Fiji has just over 860,000.

of a state also has a
variety of features.
*might

be mainly rural or mostly urban.
*A state’s economic situation might mean most people are very poor, with little access to electricity or even water. Or the people might be generally wealthy, enjoying modern homes, running water, and the latest technology.
- Often this is connected to the level of education most people within the population have achieved.
*Populations also have their own cultural traditions, and they usually speak a common language.

area in which a state’s rule applies.

*A state

must have set boundaries.
- However, countries do not always agree on what each other’s boundaries are.

change over time.
- Sometimes they change after

a war, when the states involved agree on new boundaries. - When there is a dispute, states might also negotiate with each other to decide what the actual boundaries should be.
- States can purchase territory from other states, although this is less common today than it was in the past.

Ex: In 1867, the U.S. bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

ability to rule absolutely within a territory.
-

all states are considered equal to each other

**no state may interfere in the affairs of another state.

our world today, the world’s states have created a

higher authority, called the United Nations.

States agree to follow the UN’s rules for dealing with each other — but they don’t have to follow them.
**Sovereign states are free to set their own foreign policy, meaning the kind of relationships they will have with other states.
**States also have the power to decide how things will operate inside their own boundaries. Today, though, if a state is unable to keep its population safe and many people are being killed—perhaps even by the government—the UN allows other states to use military force to protect the population.

organization inside a state that controls the actions and

policies of the state.

by law, under the authority of a state.
civil society

is distinguished from the state, and is used to describe a realm of autonomous groups and associations, such as business, pressure groups, clubs, families and so on.

just one big state?
Does it have a

population?

YES

NO

Does it have a territory?

Does it have sovereignty?

Does it have government?

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

less than 30,000 people.

THUMBS DOWN?

or THUMBS DOWN?

change?
THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN?
War
Negotiation with other countries
Purchasing land

from other countries

someone above you.
THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN?

ONE above you!
THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN?

security.
THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN?

Country (Common Defense)
Keep Order (Domestic Tranquility)
Help Citizens (General Welfare)
Union
Blessings

of Liberty

are not considered independent “states.”
THUMBS UP or THUMBS

DOWN?