Презентация на тему Supply chain management. Chapter 11

activities, that are involved in producing and delivering a

product or service to anywhere in the world
Typical Facilities:
Warehouses, Factories, Distribution Centers, Wholesalers, Resellers, Retail outlets

a Manufacturer
Typical Supply Chain for a Service Provider
The

more steps in the chain the more inventory carried and the longer it takes to move through the chain

lower prices and costs
Increasing globalization – suppliers & customers
Complexity

of supply chains (international)
Manage inventories ($$) – keep on-hand as low as possible

Need for Supply Chain Management

Outsourcing: Buying goods or services instead of producing or providing them in house

goods)
Evaluating delivery alternatives – transportation modes, times and costs
Distribution

Requirements Planning (DRP)
The global (international) supply chain

Logistics: the movement of materials/products and information within a facility and externally

and distribution planning of finished goods through a firm’s

distribution system, from factory through to customer
Use DRP to plan and coordinate:
Transportation
Warehousing stocking and efficiencies
Inventory Management – how much and where
Customer Service

Distribution Requirements Planning

of finished goods. What materials, how many and when

needed
DRP:
Determining finished goods to support customer service levels – which products, in which warehouses and when
As products are sold to customers, the supplying warehouses need to be replenished – they place orders with the factory
Factory uses MRP to support DRP

Distribution Requirements Planning

reduction
Electronic transfer of funds
Improved control of operations
Increased accuracy (no

manual data entry)
Linked ERP systems (supplier/factory/customer)

Web-based & Electronic Data Interchange

EDI: the direct transmission of inter organizational transactions, computer to computer, including purchase orders, shipping notices, and invoices

transactions

Applications include
Internet buying and selling
E-mail
Order and shipment tracking
Payment
E-Commerce
Internet enables

our business to be 24/7/365

supply chain response times
Create virtual companies
Level the playing field

for small companies


But – also means our competitors can be from anywhere in the world – not just locally

Advantages of E-Commerce

customers and its raw material suppliers

Form strategic partnerships with

key customers and suppliers –product stocking and ordering

Seek out efficiencies and cost-savings across the entire chain (reduce Time and Cost)

Creating an Effective Supply Chain

Strategic partnership: two or more organizations join so that each may realize a strategic benefit

to changing demand volumes
Velocity
Inventory velocity: the rate at which

inventory goes through the supply chain
Information velocity: the rate at which information is communicated in a supply chain
Customer service levels – On Time Delivery, % stock-outs, customer satisfaction levels

Supply Chain Performance Metrics

machines and equipment, and services needed to produce a

product or provide a service

This is the major department in a firm where cash is going out. Purchasing needs to be vigilant in ensuring best pricing and value for the firm

Purchasing

need for an item
Supplier selection – who is capable

and performs well
Place orders with suppliers – Purchase orders
Monitoring open orders – Ensure ordered items arrived when needed
Receiving orders – Update the MRP system that materials have arrived
Paying the supplier – ensuring Finance pays supplier in a timely manner – usually Net 30

Purchasing Cycle

purchased parts/components/products in an effort to reduce their cost

Select an item that has a high annual dollar value. This can be a part, component, or product.
Identify the function of the item
Obtain answers to these kinds of questions
Can the function be performed in another way?
Could another material or part be used?
Can specifications be less stringent to save cost or time?
Can two or more parts of the item be combined?
Can a different process be used on the item to save cost or time?
Do supplier/providers have suggestions for improvements?
Can packaging be improved or made less costly?
Evaluate the answers obtained, and make recommendations

source to provide materials, parts, or services better and

cheaper
Expertise and knowledge
Outsourcing gives a company added flexibility

Do not outsource technological secrets or secret recipes (Coca-Cola)

Make or Buy

main goal is to obtain the lowest possible price
Each

negotiation is an isolated transaction

Centralized purchasing
- One department handles all purchasing
Decentralized purchasing
- Everyone can purchase their items

Determining Prices

one’s organization in all transactions and to carry out

and believe in its established policies

To buy without prejudice, seeking to obtain the maximum value for each dollar of expenditure. To not engage in illegal or unethical activity – bribes, kick-backs, gifts, favours, etc.

To strive for increased knowledge of the materials and processes of manufacture, and to establish practical procedures for the performance of one’s responsibilities