Презентация на тему The USA in the 20th CENTURY

World War One
2. America after WWI
3. America in

World War II
4. America after WWII

The U.S. government, under Woodrow Wilson`s control,

called for NEUTRALITY “in thought and deed”;
May 7, 1915, a German submarine sunk the British liner Lusitania, killing 1198 people(128-Americans);
Wilson: "America is too proud to fight," demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships;
Wilson made all the key decisions and kept the economy on a peacetime basis, while allowing large-scale loans to Britain and France.

wanted to keep America out of war (Secretary of

State William Jennings Bryan(a Democrat), Republican Senator Robert M. La Follette, industrialist Henry Ford);
2. “Liberal internationalists”: supported armed force to create a collective security system ( President Woodrow Wilson, former president William Howard);
3. “Atlanticists”: sought a security relationship with Britain (former president Theodore Roosevelt, Republican Senators Elihu Root & Henry Cabot Lodge)

in Europe coincided with the end of the Recession

of 1913-1914 in America.
Exports to belligerent nations: $824.8 million (1913) → $2.25 billion(1917).
Bethlehem Steel → the profits resulting from wartime sales expanded the company into the third largest manufacturing company in the country.

new "Preparedness" movement (PM) emerged;
The driving forces behind Preparedness

– Republicans (General Leonard Wood, Theodore Roosevelt);
The PM argued that the United States needed to immediately build up strong naval and land forces for defensive purposes;
The PM`s "realistic" philosophy of world affairs: economic strength and military muscle are more decisive than idealistic campaigns for democracy and national self-determination.

movement as a threat;
Neither the Army nor Navy was

in shape for war;
Wilson embraced a building program designed to make the fleet the equal of the Royal Navy by the mid-1920s;
The weakness of American military power encouraged Berlin to start its unrestricted submarine attacks in 1917.

to resume submarine warfare on all commercial ships headed

toward Britain, realizing it would mean war with the U.S.
The Zimmermann Telegram（16 January 1917） – diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States.
Congress voted to declare war on April 6, 1917.

in official relations with Germany on 3 February 1917

a systematic mobilization of the entire population and the

entire economy to produce the soldiers, food supplies, munitions, and money needed to win the war.

and the Federal Fuel Administration were created;
There were voluntary

"meatless Tuesdays" and "sweetless Saturdays. Both Mondays and Wednesdays were "wheatless".
There were "gasless Sundays," "heatless Mondays," and "lightless nights."

1917

they could help the war effort.
The Boy Scouts of

America helped distribute war pamphlets, helped sell war bonds, and helped to drive nationalism and support for the war.

of public gatherings);
Other forms of propaganda: newsreels, photos, large-print

posters, magazine and newspaper articles, and billboards;
Film industry produced a wide variety of propaganda films.

recruit soldiers for both World War I and World

War II.

A 1914 recruitment poster depicting Lord Kitchener, the British Secretary of State for War, was the most famous image used in the British Army recruitment campaign of World War I.