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Презентация на тему The Unique Australian Wildlife

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Many countries have their own unique fauna.But Australia is mostly unusual in that
The Unique Australian WildlifeThe notes to the geological history of the continentBy Maria SkochilovaSchool 7Nizhny Tagil Many countries have their own unique fauna.But Australia is mostly unusual in that 320-270 million years ago Permo-Carboniferous Age If we had observedthe Earth surface 270-210 million years ago  The end of Permian – the beginning 270-210 million years ago  The end of Permian – the beginning Triassic Period:  continents and oeans of the Earth in Early Triassic time MonotremeThe egg-laying mammalians include the amphibious platypusand the terrestrial echidnas of Australia, 180 million years ago  Middle Jurassic period The protocontinent supposedly covered 180 million years ago  Middle Jurassic periodDinosaurs and other reptiles emerged Late Jurassic Epoch:  geochronological map 100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period Later Pangaea began to break Two important groups of modern mammals evolved during the Cretaceous.100 million years 100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period Another mammal group, the marsupials, Late Cretaceous Epoch:  geochronological map 70 million years ago The end of Cretaceous PeriodThe Late Cretaceous record Diprotodon  characterized by a wombat-like body the size of a large 45 million years ago The beginning of Cenozoic eraBy that time Australasia Structural and behavioral parallels with placental mammals  are in some cases quite striking. There are marsupials that look remarkably like moles, shrews, squirrels, mice, dogs, and hyenas. The koala and the kangaroo  are the most well-known  marsupials. MarsupialsLong-nosed bandicootSpotted-tailed quoll,  or native cat MarsupialsVirginia, or opossum MarsupialsRed kangaroo –WallabyWestern grey kangaroo MarsupialsDunnart, a marsupial mouseKangaroo Rat MarsupialsWombatTasmanian Devil MarsupialsThe niches that marsupials fill are closely associated with structure. The diets The burrowing species have powerful foreclaws with which they can tunnel into Cenozoic Era:  faunal migration routes and barriers The earliest isolation of Australia from all the other continents made its fauna unique LiteratureТ. Клементьева, Дж. Шэннон Happy English-3 – Обнинск: Титул, 2005Д. Эттенборо
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2
Many countries have their own unique fauna.
But Australia

Many countries have their own unique fauna.But Australia is mostly unusual in that

is mostly unusual in that


Слайд 3 320-270 million years ago Permo-Carboniferous Age
If we had observed
the

320-270 million years ago Permo-Carboniferous Age If we had observedthe Earth

Earth surface
from space at that time,
we would

have seen
quite the other picture

Слайд 4 270-210 million years ago The end of Permian

270-210 million years ago The end of Permian – the beginning

– the beginning of Trias
About 275 million years ago


Euroamerica and Angara
made a huge landmass of
Laurasia

Laurasia

The Tethys Sea
Separated Laurasia
from the protocontinent
of Pangaea


Pangaea


The Tethys Sea

Nowadays it is
the Middeteranian Sea


Слайд 5 270-210 million years ago The end of Permian

270-210 million years ago The end of Permian – the beginning

– the beginning of Trias
On land the vertebrates are

represented in the Triassic by amphibians and reptiles.
The first true mammals, which were very small, are supposed to appear in the Late Triassic.

Слайд 6 Triassic Period: continents and oeans of the Earth

Triassic Period: continents and oeans of the Earth in Early Triassic time

in Early Triassic time


Слайд 7 Monotreme
The egg-laying
mammalians include
the amphibious platypus
and the

MonotremeThe egg-laying mammalians include the amphibious platypusand the terrestrial echidnas of

terrestrial echidnas
of Australia, Tasmania,
and New Guinea
short-beaked echidna
amphibious

platipus

Слайд 8 180 million years ago Middle Jurassic period
The protocontinent

180 million years ago Middle Jurassic period The protocontinent supposedly covered


supposedly covered
about half the Earth
and was completely


surrounded
by a world ocean
called Panthalassa.


Слайд 9 180 million years ago Middle Jurassic period
Dinosaurs and

180 million years ago Middle Jurassic periodDinosaurs and other reptiles emerged

other reptiles emerged to dominate the land, sea, and

sky.
The first birds and new varieties of reefbuilding and other invertebrate faunas, provided Jurassic life with added complexity.

Слайд 10 Late Jurassic Epoch: geochronological map

Late Jurassic Epoch: geochronological map

Слайд 11 100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period
Later Pangaea began

100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period Later Pangaea began to


to break apart.
Its segments Laurasia
and Gondwanaland
gradually

receded,
resulting
in the formation
of the Atlantic Ocean.

Слайд 12 Two important groups of modern
mammals evolved
during

Two important groups of modern mammals evolved during the Cretaceous.100 million

the Cretaceous.
100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period
Cretaceous placentals, smaller

than those
of present-day ones, were poised to take over
the terrestrial environments
as soon as the dinosaurs vanished.

Слайд 13 100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period
Another
mammal group,

100 million years ago Early Cretaceous Period Another mammal group, the


the marsupials,
evolved during
the Cretaceous
as well.
This

group includes
the native species
of Australia,
kangaroos, koalas,
and the North
American
opossum.

Слайд 14 Late Cretaceous Epoch: geochronological map

Late Cretaceous Epoch: geochronological map

Слайд 15 70 million years ago The end of Cretaceous Period
The

70 million years ago The end of Cretaceous PeriodThe Late Cretaceous

Late Cretaceous
record is much
more complete.
It is

known, for instance,
that during the Late
Cretaceous
many dinosaur types
lived in relationships
like the present-day
terrestrial mammals.

Слайд 16 Diprotodon
characterized by
a wombat-like body
the size

Diprotodon characterized by a wombat-like body the size of a large

of a large
rhinoceros.
massively constructed
skeleton to

support
its imposing bulk.
well developed teeth
of gnawing animals.
herbivorous
distantly related
to kangaroos and
wombats.

extinct marsupial mammals
existed 30 - 10,000 years ago
in Australia.


Слайд 17 45 million years ago The beginning of Cenozoic era
By

45 million years ago The beginning of Cenozoic eraBy that time

that time
Australasia was isolated
from all other
continental

masses,
here marsupials evolved
into many diverse forms.
In South America
they survived
alongside placentals,
forming the Neotropical
mammalian fauna.

Слайд 18 Structural and behavioral parallels with placental mammals are

Structural and behavioral parallels with placental mammals are in some cases quite striking.

in some cases quite striking.


Слайд 19 There are marsupials that look remarkably like moles,

There are marsupials that look remarkably like moles, shrews, squirrels, mice, dogs, and hyenas.

shrews, squirrels, mice, dogs, and hyenas.


Слайд 20 The koala and the kangaroo are the most

The koala and the kangaroo are the most well-known marsupials.

well-known marsupials.


Слайд 21 Marsupials

Long-nosed
bandicoot
Spotted-tailed
quoll, or native cat

MarsupialsLong-nosed bandicootSpotted-tailed quoll, or native cat

Слайд 22 Marsupials
Virginia,
or opossum

MarsupialsVirginia, or opossum

Слайд 23 Marsupials
Red kangaroo –
Wallaby
Western grey kangaroo

MarsupialsRed kangaroo –WallabyWestern grey kangaroo

Слайд 24 Marsupials
Dunnart,
a marsupial mouse
Kangaroo Rat

MarsupialsDunnart, a marsupial mouseKangaroo Rat

Слайд 25 Marsupials
Wombat
Tasmanian Devil

MarsupialsWombatTasmanian Devil

Слайд 26 Marsupials
The niches that marsupials fill
are closely associated

MarsupialsThe niches that marsupials fill are closely associated with structure. The


with structure.
The diets of marsupials
are as varied


as the niches they occupy.

Слайд 27 The burrowing species have powerful foreclaws with which

The burrowing species have powerful foreclaws with which they can tunnel

they can tunnel into the ground for food and

for shelter

The gliders
have a membrane
along either flank,
attached to the forelegs
and hind legs,
that enables the animals
to glide down from a high perch


Слайд 28 Cenozoic Era: faunal migration routes and barriers

Cenozoic Era: faunal migration routes and barriers

Слайд 29 The earliest isolation of Australia from all the

The earliest isolation of Australia from all the other continents made its fauna unique

other continents made its fauna unique


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