Презентация на тему Punctuation in English

place of punctuation marks in English sentences, their function

in the learning of English, understand their meanings.
The practical goal is to teach English learners to put down punctuation marks in sentences correctly.

punctuation,
to look for different examples of punctuation in

the original literature and analyze the meanings of punctuation marks,
to classify them in accordance with their meanings.

the object is Syntax and Punctuation.


To learn them we

have used some methods of research such as comparative and contextual analyses.

divide a piece of writing into sentences, phrases etc.”

Punctuation is an art, not a science, and a sentence can often be punctuated correctly in more than one way. It may also vary according to style.

brackets [ ]
Colon :
Semi-colon ;
Comma ,
Hyphen -
Dash —–
9.

Ellipsis …
10. Question Mark ?
11. Exclamation Mark !
12. Full Stop .
13. Single Quotation Mark ‘ ’
14. Double Quotation Marks. “ ”

books,
the guards' duties
the witness's lie
Janet and Jane's

house
to indicate contractions
the house wasn't at its best

information or explanation
1) To clarify or inform. Jamie's bike

was red (bright red) with a yellow stripe.
2) For asides and comments The bear was pink (I kid you not).

information, etc
1) To amend or supplement the given details

His first book [The Colour Of Magic] was written in 1989.
2) To replace phrases for clarity or brevity [The treaty] decreed that no bear should be painted pink.

list, summary or quote
I could only find three of

the ingredients: sugar, flour and coconut.
To summarise: we found , set up our tent and then the bears attacked.
to complete a statement of fact
There are only three kinds of people: the good, the bad and the ugly.

clauses not joined by a conjuction
The Giants won the

Superbowl; it was a good day for the bookies.

to separate independent clauses joined by conjunctive adverbs such as however, hence, therefore, conversely, consequently, and nevertheless
The Giants were heavily favoured; consequently, the payouts were small.

to separate long or complicated elements in a series
The guests were John, the dentist; Bill and Lucy; and Howard, the duck.

to separate closely related elements
Studying is difficult; failing, insufferable.

to precede a word, phrase, or abbreviation introducing an explanatory or summarizing statement
Vehicles are machines for moving people and things; for example, cars, trucks, and boats.

of three or more words
Up, down, left and right.
before

a conjunction
I did my best to protect the camp, but the bears were too aggressive.
When and or or are used the comma is optional. The sizes are small, medium or large.

additional information
To indicate contrast. The snake was brown, not

green, and it was quite small.

2) Where the phrase could be in brackets. The recipe, which we hadn't tried before, is very easy to follow.
3) Where the phrase adds relevant information. Mr. Hardy, 68, ran his first marathon five years ago.

4) Where the addition is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Mr. Hardy, who enjoys bird watching, ran his first marathon five years ago.
5) Where the main clause of the sentence is dependent on the preceding clause. If at first you don't succeed, give up.

phrases, conjunctive verbs, etc.
Introductory or opening phrases. In general,

sixty-eight is quite old to run a marathon.
Conjunctive verbs. Unfortunately, the bear was already in a bad mood and, furthermore, pink wasn't its colour.

3) Following for example, that is, etc You should use commas, for example, around 'for example'. where a pause is required

Whatever happens, don't panic.

or quotation

And then the boss said, "I'm sending you

to Outer Mongolia."
to indicate the omission of a word or phrase
Use too much sugar and the mixture will be sweet, [use] too little and it will be sour

Conditionals
If he leaves early, he will be on time for the meeting.

Clauses
Whenever he is in town, he visits us.

suffixes
pre-Christmas,
under-weight
to form compound words
up-to-the-minute news
with fractions, numbers and

initial letters
one-half, sixty-four
X-ray, T-shirt, U-Turn

— a really good read.
for explanation or addition
The Colour

Of Magic — the first of the series — was written in 1989.

a quotation
"the sight was awesome...truly amazing"

asked, "Why can't we go today?"
for quotes inside quotes,

use single quotation marks.
Billy said, "So then John told her 'I don't want to go today' and Janet cried."
for words that are defined, that follow certain phrases or that have special meaning
'Buch' is German for book.

questions, requiring a response
May I borrow your copy of

the book?

emphasis to the statement
I loved the play!

To end all other sentences
Here ends the lesson

for today.

used:

to set off quotations
The President's only memorable quote

was “don't quote me on that”.
to indicate dialogue
“Help!” we cried.

used:
to set off quotations within quotations
He said, "the word

‘splivich’ will not be found in a standard dictionary".

knowledge of punctuation is low,
1 pupil from 24

did 73 % correctly.
4 pupils did 60 %.
4 pupils - 53 %.
The other 15 did less than 50 % correctly. Nobody has done the whole test correctly.

by W. Somerset Maugham.
The most frequently used punctuation marks are comma and full stop.
Less frequently used than comma are semi-colon, apostrophe and hyphen.
In the third place there are double quotation marks, question mark, quotation marks, dash.
The least frequently used punctuation marks are round brackets.

“Moon and Sixpence” by W. Somerset Maugham.