Презентация на тему The grammatical meaning is a generalized and rather abstract meaning of words, being expressed through its inherent formal features or, in an opposition, through the absence of such

meaning is not named in the word, e.g. countables-uncountables

in nouns, verbs of instant actions in Continuous (was jumping, was winking), etc.

means of:

1.   Flexion, i.e. a word-changing formant which

may be outer (streets, approached) or inner (foot-feet, find-found).
2.   Suppletive word forms (to be-am-was, good-better-best).
3.   Analytical forms (is coming, has asked).

nouns; person, number, tense, aspect, voice and mood in

verbs

Non-categorial grammatical meanings are the grammatical meanings of collectiveness in nouns, qualitativeness in adjectives, or transitiveness in verbs

implicit.
The implicit grammatical meaning is not expressed formally e.g.(

the word table does not contain any hints in its form as to it being inanimate).

The explicit grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically – it has its marker. In the word cats the grammatical meaning of plurality is shown in the form of the noun;
cat’s – here the grammatical meaning of possessiveness is shown by the form ‘s ; is asked – shows the explicit grammatical meaning of passiveness

the formal means constantly employed to render this or

that grammatical meaning

The grammatical form is not confined to an individual word, but unites a whole class of words.

(mouse-mice, meet-met)
Analytical Types . Extra elements which help to

form language phenomena (have finished)
Suppletive Formations. (Some special forms which substitute missing forms : good- better-best)

in one word.
1)-s (s/z/iz) – 1. plural forms

of countable nouns – boys. 2.the genitive case in animate nouns – girl’s. 3.the absolute form of possessive pronouns – ours, hers. 4.the 3d person in Pr.S. tense– says  2)-ed (t/d/ed) – 1.the past indefinite of the regular verbs– cried. 2.Past Participle of regular verbs  3)-ing - 1.continuous aspect 2.gerund  4)-er , - est - the comparative and the superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs-  small-smaller 5)-en -1.plural form: ox-oxen. 2.Past Participle of irregular verbs - taken  6)-ren - child – children  7)-ne - absolute form of the pronoun my – mine  8)-m - the objective case of personal pronouns he and they – him and them 

of expressing grammatical categories which consists in changing a sound

inside the root

This method appears in Modern English, for example, in nouns, as when the root vowel [au] of mouse is changed into [aı] in mice, etc.

This method is much more extensively used in verbs, such as
write —wrote — written,
sing — sang — sung,
meet — met — met, etc.

in which at least one element is an auxiliary.

These consist in using a word (devoid of any lexical meaning of its own) to express some grammatical category of another word.

There can be no doubt in Modern English about the analytical character of such formations as, e. g.,
has invited
is invited
is inviting
does not invite.

The verbs have, be, and do have no lexical meaning of their own in
these cases.
The lexical meaning of the formation resides in the participle or infinitive following the verb have, be or do.

building a form of a word from an altogether

different stem. Examples in point are,

1) the verb go, with its past tense went;
2) the personal pronoun I, with its objective case form me,
3) the adjective good with its comparative degree form better, and a few more.

the basic notions of Grammar.

The grammatical meaning is relative,

it is revealed in relations of word forms, e.g. speak - speaks.
The grammatical meaning must have a grammatical form of expression.( inflexions, analytical forms, word-order, etc.)

a division of the words on the principle of

expressing a certain grammatical meaning

The grammatical category is a system of expressing a generalized grammatical meaning by means of paradigmatic correlation of grammatical forms.

possess some
morphemic features expressing

( morphological ) meanings, which
determine the grammatical form of
the word

types of relations:
In the language system ( paradigmatic

)
In speech ( syntagmatic relations )
In the language system each unit is included into a set of connections based on different properties. F.ex., word forms child, children, child’s , children’s have the same lexical meaning and have different meanings