Презентация на тему London: history, places of interest, traditional ceremonies

state - United Kingdom
Country – England
Region – London
Ceremonial counties

– City and Greater London
Districts - City and 32 boroughs
Settled by Romans as Londinium, c. AD 43
Headquarters - City Hall
Area - 1,572.1 km2 (607 sq mi)
Population (July 2010 est.) - 7,825,200

the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the

United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement

was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. This lasted for just seventeen years and around 61, the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily planned incarnation of the city prospered and superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100.

At its height during the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000. By the 7th century, the Anglo-Saxons had created a new settlement called Lundenwic over a mile upstream from the old Roman city, around what is now Covent Garden.

the early 5th century, London was effectively abandoned. However,

from the 6th century an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic, rising to a likely population of 10–12,000.
In the 9th century London was repeatedly attacked by Vikings, leading to a relocation of the city back to the location of Roman Londinium, in order to use its walls for protection.

Following the unification of England in the 10th century London, already the country's largest city and most important trading centre, became increasingly important as a political centre, although it still faced competition from Winchester, the traditional centre of the kingdom of Wessex.

King - William the Conqueror, from France.
He built a

castle. We know it today as the Tower of London.
At that time, London was the biggest and most important city in England.

and there were 50,000 people in London.



In 1600, when

Elizabeth the First was the Queen, there were 200,000 people in London.

London. Fleas in rats caused the plague. More than

100,000 people died during the Big Plague.



In 1666, there was a big fire “The Great Fire of London”. It started in a bakery. It lasted for 4 days and destroyed most of the buildings in London.

St Paul’s cathedral was built by Sir Christpher Wren

1675- 1711

one of the most important countries in the world

and London was its the most important city.

Some Londoners were rich and they built some of the most beautiful houses. Many of them are still standing today. But, there were also many poor people in London.

most important monarchs in British history.
At that time many

railways were built. People could travel by train.
In 1851 there was the Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park. More than 6 million people came to the wonderful exhibits.
In 1863, world first underground train began to run in London.

German bombs destroyed many buildings in London, but they

didn’t destroy St Paul’s Cathedral. Now, London has some of the world’s most exciting new buildings.
Today people from all over the world live in London, where you can hear about 300 different languages.

her office. About 300 people work here. Heads of

governments and royal visitors from around the world meet the Queen here.

In August and September you can visit some of the rooms in the palace and some of the gardens.

mornings, the soldiers change the guard at Buckigham Palace.

It takes about thirty minutes.
Hundred of visitors come and watch it every day.

It exhibits works of art from the Royal Collection.

Queen’s horses and coaches

has been home to the royal family for

over 300 years and was where Diana Princess of Wales resided. It is in Hyde Park.

hour by train from London. There, you can visit

Windsor Castle, the largest and oldest occupied castle in the world, is one of the official residences of Her Majesty The Queen. She goes there at the weekends.

bank of the River Thames in southwest London.

London celebrates the Queen’s birthday with a big parade:

The Trooping of the Colour.

the British government begins to work for the year.

one of the best known annual events in London,

which dates back to 1535. The Lord Mayor is that of the City of London, the historic centre of London that is now the financial district. A new Lord Mayor is appointed every year and the public parade reflects that the Lord Mayor is the most important person in London after the Queen.

It is now the home of the bank of

England and many other big offices.

Half a million business people work in the City; but few people live there. One of the most popular buildings is known as “the Gherkin”.

the city. In the past it was a palace

and a prison. It was built by William, the Conqueror, around 1078. It is made up of 11 towers. At the centre is the white tower.
Some famous prisoners at the tower were Anne Boleyn, wife of Henry, the 8th. Elizabeth 1st was also a prisoner in the tower.
Today you can visit the Tower. You can see the Crown Jewel and visit the Bloody Tower.

There are 36 Yeoman Warders, or Beefeaters at the Tower. They tell the visitors about the Tower and its famous people

tall ships go up the river, the centre of

the bridge opens

the City. Its dome is 110 metres high. The

two bells in the tower are called Great Paul and Great Tom, which rings when a king or queen dies.

The Monument, a building 60 metres high, is also in the city. It was built to remember the Great London Fire. It is near Pudding Lane, where the fire started.

road, to the south of Trafalgar Square. Most of

the buildings in this road are government officies.
The Prime Minister lives at 10, Dowing Street.
There are always two soldiers on horses outside Horse Guard Parade.

church. English Kings and queens always have their coronation

here- from the time of William the Conqueror. Lots of important people, writers, scientists, queen and kings are buried here.

is the home of the British Goverment. The clock

high up in the Tower is called Big Ben; but really Big Ben is the bell in the clock.

a visit to the river: you can walk along

the river, go across its many bridges, or go in boat to see London from the river.

opened in the 17th century. It is a beautiful

park. You can walk or sit under the trees. There is a lake in the centre, called the Serpentine.
People come to the Speaker’s Corner to tell the world about politics, religions. Some people come to listen.

Kensington Gardens is next to Hyde Park. Here you can see a statue of Peter Pan. There is also a playground called the Diana, Princess of Wales playground.

the London Zoo. It opened in 1828. There is

also a theatre in the park. On summer’s evenings you can watch plays by Shakespeare.

St James’s Park is a small park but very beautiful. It is the oldest of the Royal Park. Lots of birds live on and around the lake in the centre of the park.

museum in Britain and the oldest museum in the

world (1759). You can learn about Greece, Rome, Egypt or Asian Cultures.